## Notes IVA stands for *Impuesto sobre el Valor Añadido*. Businesses have to keep track of it, but the cost is pushed down to the consumer. Generally, more "essential" goods and services are subject to lower taxes rates, whereas "luxury" goods and services have steeper rates. ## Types | Type | Rate | Applies to | | ----------------- | ---- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | General VAT | 21% | Most goods and services: appliances, cars, cinema tickets, smartphones, etc | | Reduced VAT | 10% | Cultural activities, transport, electricity, newly built properties, hotels, restaurants, health products | | Super-reduced VAT | 4% | Basic necessities: essential foodstuffs, newspapers, magazines, books | | Zero-rated | 0% | Some gold coins, bars, intra-community and international transport by air and sea | ## References - [VAT Spain - laWants](https://www.lawants.com/en/vat-spain/)